The science

Students stall for a reason. GuidePost™ answers it.

We mapped why students stop progressing at every stage of the funnel. Then we use behavioral and motivational science to build a GuidePost for each reason, and test them against a randomized holdout.

Start a pilotSee the results
83target actions mapped9motivational principles14behavioral strategies
The root-cause map Six stages, six root-cause families, 83 target actions
Started
application
Submitted
application
Admit to
enroll
First-year
retention
Second-year
retention
Stop-out
recovery
Application
Getting started
Enrollment steps
Belonging
Campus support
Cost & aid
Target actions
5
7
13
22
21
15
24%
Stage 1 of 6 · Started applicationof prospective students started at least one college application and never submitted any.Annenberg Institute at Brown University, 2018–19 cycle, via Higher Ed Dive
66%
Stage 2 of 6 · Submitted applicationof college students say college cost more than they expected.College Ave / Barnes & Noble College Insights, 2024
21%
Stage 3 of 6 · Admit to enrollof students are “incredibly confident” they understand the details of their financial aid offer.Ellucian national student survey, 2024
77% vs. 64%
Stage 4 of 6 · First-year retentionStudents aware of five or more support services are 13 points more likely to say they’ll persist.Tyton Partners, Listening to Learners, 2024
59%
Stage 5 of 6 · Second-year retentionof students have considered dropping out because of financial stress.Ellucian national student survey, 2024
44%
Stage 6 of 6 · Stop-out recoveryof stopped-out students knew academic advising was available to them.Tyton Partners, Listening to Learners, 2024
24%
Stage 1 of 6 · Started applicationof prospective students started at least one college application and never submitted any.Annenberg Institute at Brown University, 2018–19 cycle, via Higher Ed Dive
Stage 1 of 6 · Started application24%of prospective students started at least one college application and never submitted any.Annenberg Institute at Brown University, 2018–19 cycle, via Higher Ed Dive
Stage 2 of 6 · Submitted application66%of college students say college cost more than they expected.College Ave / Barnes & Noble College Insights, 2024
Stage 3 of 6 · Admit to enroll21%of students are “incredibly confident” they understand the details of their financial aid offer.Ellucian national student survey, 2024
Stage 4 of 6 · First-year retention77% vs. 64%Students aware of five or more support services are 13 points more likely to say they’ll persist.Tyton Partners, Listening to Learners, 2024
Stage 5 of 6 · Second-year retention59%of students have considered dropping out because of financial stress.Ellucian national student survey, 2024
Stage 6 of 6 · Stop-out recovery44%of stopped-out students knew academic advising was available to them.Tyton Partners, Listening to Learners, 2024
Stage 1 of 6 · Started application24%of prospective students started at least one college application and never submitted any.Annenberg Institute at Brown University, 2018–19 cycle, via Higher Ed Dive
Step one · Why students stall

Every step a student has to take, stage by stage.

From sending a transcript to re-enrolling, we mapped the actions students have to complete at each stage, and why they stop. Every GuidePost starts with one of them. Open a stage to see its list.

83 target actions across six stages
Started application5 actions 24%started an application and never submitted itAnnenberg Institute at Brown University, 2018–19 Common App data See actionsHide
Application3
Send transcriptsGet a recommendation letterWrite the essay
Getting started1
Meet with admissions
Cost & aid1
Apply for scholarships
Submitted application7 actions 66%of college students say college cost more than they expectedCollege Ave / Barnes & Noble College Insights, 2024 See actionsHide
Application1
Submit the application
Belonging1
Get involved on campus
Campus support3
Visit the career centerMeet an academic advisorUse wellness services
Cost & aid2
Contact financial aidApply for scholarships and grants
Admit to enroll13 actions 21%are “incredibly confident” they understand their aid offerEllucian national student survey, 2024 See actionsHide
Getting started3
Attend orientationBook a first advising appointmentRegister for classes
Enrollment steps4
Accept the offerPay the depositPay the housing depositPay tuition
Belonging1
Get involved on campus
Campus support3
Visit the career centerMeet an academic advisorUse wellness services
Cost & aid2
Contact financial aidApply for scholarships and grants
First-year retention22 actions +13 ptsmore likely to say they’ll stay when they know five or more support servicesTyton Partners, Listening to Learners, 2024 See actionsHide
Getting started2
Attend orientationRegister for classes
Belonging9
Join a clubPlay intramuralsVolunteerJoin Greek lifeStudy abroadGo to campus eventsJoin student governmentJoin an academic groupGo to a game
Campus support9
Visit the internship officeVisit the career centerMeet an academic advisorUse tutoringUse the writing centerUse the libraryUse the fitness centerVisit the health centerUse counseling services
Cost & aid2
Contact financial aidApply for scholarships and grants
Second-year retention21 actions 59%have considered leaving over financial stressEllucian national student survey, 2024 See actionsHide
Getting started1
Register for classes
Belonging9
Join a clubPlay intramuralsVolunteerJoin Greek lifeStudy abroadGo to campus eventsJoin student governmentJoin an academic groupGo to a game
Campus support9
Visit the internship officeVisit the career centerMeet an academic advisorUse tutoringUse the writing centerUse the libraryUse the fitness centerVisit the health centerUse counseling services
Cost & aid2
Contact financial aidApply for scholarships and grants
Stop-out recovery15 actions 44%of stop-outs knew advising was availableTyton Partners, Listening to Learners, 2024 See actionsHide
Application2
Re-applySubmit the application
Getting started1
Register for classes
Enrollment steps1
Re-enroll
Belonging

No separate action. It comes through in the affirmations we use at every stage.

Campus support9
Visit the internship officeVisit the career centerMeet an academic advisorUse tutoringUse the writing centerUse the libraryUse the fitness centerVisit the health centerUse counseling services
Cost & aid2
Contact financial aidApply for scholarships and grants

Every stage also gets positive affirmations, on top of these 83 actions.

Step two · Build the message

Pick a student. See the GuidePost.

Every GuidePost pairs two things: a motivational principle (the reason a student would act) and a behavioral strategy (how the message asks). There are 9 principles and 14 strategies. Pick a student to see the pair we’d use.

1
The action
Send transcripts

One of the 5 started application actions from step one, under Application.

Use the writing center

One of the 22 first-year retention actions from step one, under Campus support.

Register for classes

One of the 21 second-year retention actions from step one, under Getting started.

Re-enroll

One of the 15 stop-out recovery actions from step one, under Enrollment steps.

2
Why they’d act1 of 9 motivational principles
Self-efficacyExpectancy-valueAgency & autonomyAttributionBelongingCognitive dissonanceIdentity-based motivationConcrete expressions of careReinforcement & incentive

Cognitive dissonance. Closing the gap between stated goals and current action.

Concrete expressions of care. Specific, human signals that someone is paying attention.

Self-efficacy. Belief that effort will succeed: “I can actually finish this.”

Attribution. Setbacks read as fixable circumstances, not personal failure.

3
How the message asks1 of 14 behavioral strategies
UrgencyScarcityReminders & tipsTiny habitsSMART goalsSocial proofPoint of viewCommitmentIncentivesPerksReframingEmpowermentHopefulnessSense of purpose

Urgency. Time pressure on a specific deadline.

Reminders & tips. Timely nudges that remove friction.

Tiny habits. One small, easy step right now.

Reframing. A missed term becomes a fresh start.

The message · Social ad
AAdmissionsSponsored
Social ad: paper airplanes on blue, one red plane labeled Your Transcripts breaking away. Send it. Make that next step happen now before it’s too late.
Send your transcripts
Tagged with
Started applicationSend transcriptsCognitive dissonanceUrgency

We tag every message this way, so the holdout shows which pairings work at which stage.

The message · Social video
WWriting CenterSponsored
Get writing help
Tagged with
First-year retentionUse the writing centerConcrete expressions of careReminders & tips

We tag every message this way, so the holdout shows which pairings work at which stage.

The message · Text
ROffice of the Registrar
Spring registration closes Friday. Take five minutes to pick your classes now: school.edu/register
Text message
Tagged with
Second-year retentionRegister for classesSelf-efficacyTiny habits

We tag every message this way, so the holdout shows which pairings work at which stage.

The message · Postcard
Dana, one hard semester doesn’t erase the credits you earned. Pick up where you left off this fall. Your advisor can map the rest in one call.
Tagged with
Stop-out recoveryRe-enrollAttributionReframing

We tag every message this way, so the holdout shows which pairings work at which stage.

One student, start to finish

How GuidePost moves a stalled admit.

  1. 1
    The stallTamryn W., admitted for fall, hasn’t paid her deposit. Status: unsure about cost.
  2. 2
    The whyBelonging. “Students like me belong here and succeed here.”
  3. 3
    The howCommitment. A pledge she intends to keep: accept her admission.
  4. 4
    The message“You belong here.” One idea, formatted for every channel.
  5. 5
    Everywhere she isStreaming TV, a postcard at home, her social feeds, her inbox, a text before the deadline.
  6. 6
    The proofHer result counts against a 5% holdout that never saw the message.
The same pairing, delivered across five channels.
The research

Built on what motivation science already shows.

GuidePost draws on decades of research into why students act, stall and persist. It was originated by a behavioral science PhD and is now built into the platform, our team’s training and our playbooks, so the method holds no matter who runs your campaign.

Meta-analysis · 74 studies
d = 0.49

Average effect of motivation interventions in education, across 74 studies. Roughly half a standard deviation.

Lazowski & Hulleman, “Motivation Interventions in Education: A Meta-Analytic Review,” Review of Educational Research, 2016.

That’s the research base. Our own results are measured separately, against your holdout.

The learning loop

Every holdout test sharpens the next message.

GuidePost tags make every campaign a test of which principles and strategies work, at which stage, for which students.

  1. 1

    Identify what’s working

    Holdout results show which principles and strategies move each stage, and where playbooks need to shift.

  2. 2

    Expand the library

    Every asset is stored with its tags, so proven creative can be reused and remixed fast.

  3. 3

    Predict what will perform

    Past results point to the pairings most likely to work for a school like yours before launch.

  4. 4

    Compound with scale

    More campaigns, more holdout data, sharper first drafts for every partner.

The pilot

Start with one list.

Pick one audience and one goal: submitted applications, deposits, fall registration. We run it against a 5% holdout and show you the lift.

Start a pilot
1
One listRFIs, admits or stop-outs
2
One goalApps, deposits or registrations
3
One holdout5% who receive nothing from us